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Upper School

Harvey’s Upper School program prepares students for college and challenges students to reach beyond their perceived levels of ability. The atmosphere is structured but informal, and students are expected to take increasing responsibility for their academic progress. Harvey teaches students to learn and work independently. Students take a minimum of six courses each trimester.

Harvey’s faculty members are committed to and are known for their willingness to provide extra help to students. Study halls, free periods, and meal times are often used for one-on-one or small-group help sessions for students. Review before final exams is a regular feature of most classes. This results in a group of students with a broader spectrum of abilities and interests. The School does not offer special support for students with learning disabilities; however, those who are able to function in a closely monitored mainstream environment find success at Harvey. Tutorial support, which is integrated into the school day, is also available.

The curriculum of the Upper School is designed to prepare students for successful college careers. Placement varies depending on each student’s readiness and proficiency in each subject area. A typical Upper School program includes:

(Click here for a complete list of Upper School courses for academic year 2009-2010)

NINTH GRADETENTH GRADEELEVENTH GRADETWELFTH GRADE
ENGLISH 9 or HONORS ENGLISH
ENGLISH 9

This is a full-year course which focuses on Western literature, including Greek masterpieces and Shakespeare, as well as contemporary literature. The development and incorporation of public speaking skills is a key element of the curriculum.

HONORS ENGLISH

This course challenges students to develop their writing and analytical skills and invites them to indulge their love of reading. The year is organized around the same thematic units as the regular English class but will explore more texts in greater depth. Additional texts may include: Life of Pi by Yan Maarten; Oedipus Rex and Antigone by Sophocles; Holocaust literature and Lord of the Flies by William Golding.

Students will be encouraged to respond to literature with thoughtful analysis and to make connections between what they read and their own lives. Entry into this class is determined by teacher recommendations and writing samples and requires departmental approval.
ENGLISH 10 or ENGLISH 10 HONORS
ENGLISH 10

This course is a year-long survey of British literature that includes old English and contemporary works. Students may study the following: Beowulf, the Canterbury Tales, A Tale of Two Cities or Great Expectations, and Wuthering Heights. While taking this course, students hone their ability to write a five-paragraph essay.

HONORS ENGLISH 10

This course takes more of a reading- and writing-intensive approach to the literature studied in English 10.
ENGLISH 11 or ENGLISH 11 HONORSENGLISH 11

This course is a year-long survey of American literature from the 1600’s to the present. Works may include: Of Mice and Men, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Out of the Dust, Death of a Salesman, and Catcher in the Rye. Students hone their abilities to write a five-page research paper.

HONORS ENGLISH 11

This course also takes more of a reading- and writing-intensive approach to the literature studied in English 11. Admission to this class is by departmental recommendation only.
ENGLISH 12 or ADVANCED PLACEMENT ENGLISHENGLISH 12
In this theme-based, year long course, seniors will: read 2-3 novels/plays; write personal and critical essays; read and discuss shorter works (poetry, stories, songs, films); and create original works.

* Fall theme: Personal Statement (students will focus on college application essays and Earnest Gaines’ novel A Lesson Before Dying)
* Winter theme: Change (works to be determined)
* Spring theme: The Future Is Now (works may include the film 2001: A Space Odyssey and the play Waiting for Godot)

ADVANCED PLACEMENT ENGLISH
This year-long course emphasizes in-depth critical reading and intensive analytical writing on literature in order to adequately prepare for the Advanced Placement exam in the spring. Works may include: Hamlet, Jane Eyre, Heart of Darkness, and As I Lay Dying. Frequent essays and memorization of poetry are required.
ALBEGRA 1, ALGEBRA 1 HONORS, GEOMETRY, HONORS GEOMETRY or other appropriate course
ALGEBRA 1

This is a fundamental course covering the properties of number systems; factoring and its applications; simplifying and combining fractions; functions and graphs; algebra in a plane; and equations with real number solutions.

ALGEBRA 1 HONORS

This course stresses the ability to use algebra with skill and understanding. It provides practice in applying the basic concepts and seeks to hone problem-solving skills. In addition to approaching the concepts of Algebra 1 in a more sophisticated way, systems of equations and trigonometry are emphasized.

EUCLIDEAN PLANE GEOMETRY

This course covers the traditional topics of Euclidean plane geometry, which include the elements of geometry; angle relationships; parallel lines and planes; similar geometric figures and their applications; constructions; coordinate geometry (methods and proofs); area; and volume. Algebraic skills are also reviewed and strengthened.

HONORS GEOMETRY

This course in Euclidean plane geometry covers space and coordinate geometry in detail. A major objective is to provide students an opportunity to think critically and creatively while writing formal proofs. Within this structure algebra skills are strengthened and reviewed. Topics include inductive and deductive reasoning; logic; volumes of complex solids; and those topics listed under Euclidean Plane Geometry.
GEOMETRY, HONORS GEOMETRY, ALGEBRA 2, HONORS ALGEBRA 2 or other appropriate courseEUCLIDEAN PLANE GEOMETRY

This course covers the traditional topics of Euclidean plane geometry, which include the elements of geometry; angle relationships; parallel lines and planes; similar geometric figures and their applications; constructions; coordinate geometry (methods and proofs); area; and volume. Algebraic skills are also reviewed and strengthened.

HONORS GEOMETRY

This course in Euclidean plane geometry covers space and coordinate geometry in detail. A major objective is to provide students an opportunity to think critically and creatively while writing formal proofs. Within this structure algebra skills are strengthened and reviewed. Topics include inductive and deductive reasoning; logic; volumes of complex solids; and those topics listed under Euclidean Plane Geometry.

ALGEBRA 2

Algebra 2 continues the study of algebra by introducing quadratic functions; linear and quadratic equations; conic sections; sequences; and series.

HONORS ALGEBRA 2

This course covers the same algebra topics as the standard section but with greater sophistication, and with the addition of trigonometry. Topics in trigonometry include functions; circular functions; graph identities; and solutions of triangles with practical and physics applications; sequences; series; and exponential and logarithmic functions.
ALGEBRA 2, HONORS ALGEBRA 2, PRE-CALCULUS, HONORS PRE-CALCULUS or other appropriate courseALGEBRA 2
Algebra 2 continues the study of algebra by introducing quadratic functions; linear and quadratic equations; conic sections; sequences; and series.

HONORS ALGEBRA 2
This course covers the same algebra topics as the standard section but with greater sophistication, and with the addition of trigonometry. Topics in trigonometry include functions; circular functions; graph identities; and solutions of triangles with practical and physics applications; sequences; series; and exponential and logarithmic functions.

PRE-CALCULUS
Pre-Calculus is recommended to students who wish to continue their studies in mathematics but need to proceed at a pace slower than that of the honors section. It includes a review and extension of geometry; trigonometry; conic sections; and elementary functions, which include polynomial, rational, trigonometric, exponential, and logarithmic.

HONORS PRE-CALCULUS
This course prepares students for a formal college-level calculus course. Necessary skills in algebra and trigonometry are developed and expanded. Half the year is spent studying the elementary functions, which include polynomial, rational, trigonometric, exponential, and logarithmic. Other topics include sequences; series; the limits of a function; conic sections; graphs three-dimensional space; and an introduction to calculus, dealing with topics such as derivatives, area as a limit, and integrals.
ADVANCED PLACEMENT CALCULUS or other appropriate courseADVANCED PLACEMENT CALCULUS
These two AP courses cover the topics of first (AB) and second (BC) semester college level courses in differential and integral calculus, functions, and analytical geometry. Recommendation of the department is required.

APPLIED MATHEMATICS
This course provides a solid, practical coverage of the mathematics used in the business world. It begins with a brief review of basic math and proceeds to introduce key topics such as bank services, payroll, business discounts and markups, stocks and bonds, consumer loans and credit, taxes and insurance, depreciation, and financial statements. Prerequisite is completion of Algebra 2. This class is divided into three distinct, term-contained units. Students may take 1, 2, or all 3 terms and are encouraged to enroll for the full year.

* Fall Term: Applied Mathematics
* Winter Term: Intro to Calculus
* Spring Term: Discrete Math


STATISTICS
Statistics is a practical discipline that evolves with the changing needs of our society. This year long course will present statistics as a useful tool in learning about the world around us. Students will work with real-world applications in such fields as the physical and social sciences, business, economics, and engineering. Enrollment is open to any student that has completed an Algebra 2 course. Students in the course are required to use a TI-83/84 Plus calculator and must have purchased one prior to the start of course.

INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE
This course will introduce students to computer programming using the high level language Java. Specifics of Java will be studied including: syntax, writing, debugging, and compiling students’ programs. Logic, the binary and hexadecimal number systems, and essential components of computers will be discussed.

ADVANCED PLACEMENT COMPUTER SCIENCE
This course is for the student who is seriously interested in a rigorous study of computer science. Students should be familiar with the syntax and structure of the Java language and object-oriented programming methodology and philosophy. The content of the course will be drawn from the College Board’s A.P. Computer syllabus, generally consisting of the formal study of data structures such as stacks, queues, and binary trees, and sorting algorithms for searching, sorting, and hashing. Students will write their own programs and critique those of others. Enrollment in this class requires permission of the instructor.

COMPUTER ASSISTED DESIGN
This course teaches mechanical and architectural drawing using the TurboCad software package. In the first half of the course, we focus on the traditional two-dimensional, three-view orthographic projection. The second half of the course we learn isometric three-dimensional drawing. The TurboCad software makes the drawing of two-dimensional orthographic and three-dimensional isometric shapes infinitely easier than the old pencil, triangle, and ruler method. The architectural drawing section includes exterior and blue print views.
PHYSICS or HONORS PHYSICSPHYSICS
Physics is the entry course in the upper school science sequence. The “Physics First” curriculum places a strong emphasis upon the scientific method, data collection and evaluation, graphical analysis, and applying basic mathematical skills to scientific principles. Students should obtain from the course the necessary skills to successfully transition to the study of chemistry. Additional areas of study include forces and motion, energy and systems, states of matter, sound and waves, optics, electricity and magnetism. Laboratory work and various student projects are required.

HONORS PHYSICS
Honors Physics covers the same topics as Physics (see above). The course does require a more in-depth treatment of topics with a greater emphasis on mathematical analysis. Laboratory work and various student projects are required. Departmental recommendation and completion of Algebra I are required. Enrollment limited to freshmen and sophomores.
CHEMISTRY or HONORS CHEMISTRYCHEMISTRY

Open to students who have successfully completed biology, this course is based on the “ChemCom” curriculum developed by the American Chemical Society. The goal is to enhance a student’s science literacy through the study of chemistry’s impact on society. Basic chemical concepts such as atoms, molecules, atomic structure, the periodic table, and chemical reactions are interwoven through chemistry-related technological issues currently confronting American society and beyond. Students are expected to conduct lab experiments in a safe and responsible manner, in addition to acquiring skills in observation, data collection, and analysis. Completion of a winter term project is required.

HONORS CHEMISTRY

This introductory course is open to motivated students with solid mathematical skills who have received departmental recommendation. The entire syllabus seeks to answer the three fundamental questions in chemistry: What is it? How much? Will it react (and if so, how fast)? Emphasis is placed on the quantitative approach with reinforcement through laboratory investigation. A winter term laboratory project is required.
BIOLOGY or HONORS BIOLOGYBIOLOGY
Biology, the study of living things, will give students a strong background in the structure and functions of molecules, cells, organ systems, genetics, ecology, evolution, and the 5 kingdoms. Lectures and discussions are supplemented by labs and demonstrations relevant to the topics being studied. Students are graded on homework, quizzes, tests, lab reports, and projects or papers.

HONORS BIOLOGY
This course is an accelerated and intensified version of the regular biology course. Students who are interested in taking the SAT II in biology or in enrolling in A.P. Biology will be both challenged and prepared by this course. Class work and labs will have an emphasis on the quantitative and technical processes of biology. Admission to this class is by departmental permission only.
AP BIOLOGY, ADVANCED PHYSICS or AP PHYSICSADVANCED PLACEMENT BIOLOGY
This course is open to students who have demonstrated exceptional aptitude in biology as well as chemistry. The course follows the standard AP Biology curriculum set up by the College Board. Departmental recommendation is required for admission to this course since AP Biology is extremely rigorous and requires a great deal of reading. Labs include experimentation in genetics, DNA, and environmental chemistry. Lab reports must be completed in the standard scientific paper format. COMPLETION OF PHYSICS, CHEMISTRY, & BIOLOGY ARE PREREQUISITES. Departmental recommendation is required for this course.

ADVANCED PHYSICS
This course examines the surrounding world with a strong mathematical perspective. Topics include vectors, one and two dimensional motion, Newton’s Laws, energy, gravitation, rotational mechanics, and wave phenomenon. Advanced topics include the study of sound, light, electromagnetism, and electrical circuits. Laboratory work and various student projects are required. Advanced Physics is not open to freshmen, but may be taken to fulfill the physics requirement for upperclassmen, or will serve as a second physics experience for those who have completed the entry-level course. This course will also prepare students interested in pursuing AP Physics. Departmental recommendation is required.

ADVANCED PLACEMENT PHYSICS
This course is open to students who have completed one year of Physics, Algebra 2, and have departmental permission. Topics introduced in the first year will be covered in greater depth. Additional topics include: thermodynamics, optics, nuclear physics, and relativity. The curriculum is geared toward taking the advanced placement exam in the spring. This course is equivalent to one year of college physics. Not offered in 07/08.

TRIMESTER SCIENCE ELECTIVES

BIOETHICS
Following this class, students should have an understanding of the ethical, moral, and social issues that underlay current medical practices, environmental policies, and scientific discoveries.

* FALL - The class will take an in-depth look at current medical practices. We will spend considerable time reading, writing, and debating about classical topics in biomedical ethics, including abortion, euthanasia, suicide, and experimentation on humans.
* WINTER - The class will deal with the ethical, moral, and social implications of current discovery and technology in science. Students will study the scientific principles behind current technology, the ethical and moral issues requiring the use of all new technology, and the social implications the new technology holds for the future generations. Topics will include gene therapy, genetic engineering, advances in reproductive technology, cloning, and all new discoveries made throughout the year.
* SPRING - The class will be introduced to national and global environmental issues. Building on a scientific base, students will analyze the economic, ethical, political, and social aspects of environmental issues. Topics will include air and water pollution, toxic waste, population control, wilderness preservation, and our treatment of animals. Although this is a full-year class, students who wish to participate in one or two trimesters may do so. Students will be held responsible for learning the basic scientific principles behind all medical, environmental, and biological issues, but they will spend the majority of their time researching, writing, debating, and drawing conclusions concerning the ethical, moral and social implications of the issues presented.


EVOLUTION
In studying the controversial topic of evolution, this course is designed to address the basic issues surrounding the controversy, the common misconceptions regarding evolution and intelligent design, and, most importantly, the science behind the theory. Examining the evolutionary links of biology at multiple levels, the course will clarify the need for evolutionary theory in science and allow students to form their own opinions upon that basis. Requirements for the course include organized classroom debate, an in-class presentation, a museum project, a number of take-home exams, and response papers on the required reading - OFFERED FALL

GENETICS & FORENSICS
This course examines the genetic revolution and its effects on modern-day science. By beginning with a history of its theory and origins, and proceeding through its modern-day applications and ethical challenges, this course will ask its students to seek a better understanding of the coming genetic age. Requirements include weekly labs and lab reports, responses to assigned readings, regular in-class exams and a final project / presentation - OFFERED WINTER

ECOLOGY
Knowledge and Awareness of the human ecological footprint is more necessary today than ever before. This course will review major ecological concepts, identify techniques used by ecologists, provide an overview of local and global environmental issues, and examine individual, group, and governmental activities that protect natural ecosystems. This course is designed to provide technical information, to direct students to pertinent literature, to identify problems and issues, and to consider appropriate analytical solutions to theses problems - OFFERED SPRING

ANATOMY, SPORTS MEDICINE, AND ATHLETIC TRAINING
This one semester course will offer an introduction to athletic training, anatomy, first aid, and an on-field application of skills. Students will learn about the major muscle groups, bones, and joints. The course will cover common sports injuries, their causes, prevention, and care. In addition to these skills, students will explore current issues in sports medicine, such as nutrition and performance-enhancing drugs - OFFERED SPRING

GEOLOGY
In this year-long course, students will be introduced to the basic underlying principles of geology. You will learn to classify rocks and minerals, develop an understanding of the dynamic processes that shape the earth, and learn to interpret the landscape through field observations. Additionally, relevant environmental issues and current geologic events will be discussed. Lab work, map analysis, and various field trips are required to support the classroom experience.


TRIMESTER SCIENCE ELECTIVES
NON-WESTERN WORLD HISTORY or HONORS NON-WESTERN WORLD HISTORYGRADE 9 NON-WESTERN HISTORY

9th Grade History is designed to develop a good understanding of the geography, culture, history, economies and present challenges facing the Middle East, Africa, Asia, Australasia, and South America. Skills that are emphasized throughout the year include reading comprehension, writing, note taking, quiz and test taking, critical thinking, and research. Reading is required almost each night from a variety of sources that range from primary sources to textbooks. Understanding themes and being able to pull out key information from the reading is a skill that students learn and practice. Students develop an accurate note-taking system from lectures with the help of board work as well as techniques for study prior to unit exams. Students will also learn how to take a concept and apply it back to the historical context with heavy emphasis on writing, as this will allow them to be more successful in future courses.

GRADE 9 HONORS NON-WESTERN HISTORY
This course explores the same regions as the regular course but is much more reading and writing intensive. The ability to read, write, and work independently are primary expectations. Admission to this course is by departmental recommendation only.
WESTERN CIVILIZATION or HONORS WESTERN CIVILIZATIONGRADE 10 WESTERN CIVILIZATIONS

In this class, students will study the origins of Western thought and the influences that the past has had on modern social customs, political traditions, and cultures. Beginning with the Greeks and the Romans, students will study the effects of Christianity on Europe, the Middle Ages and the rise of the feudal system, the Renaissance and the Reformation, the age of Revolutions, and the growth of industrialism, imperialism, and the new political ideologies that led to two world wars.


HONORS WESTERN CIVILIZATIONS


Similar to the regular sections, students study the rise of Western Civilization from the Age of the Greeks and the Romans to World Wars I and II. Students are required to read from the textbook and primary documentation throughout the year. Students are expected to analyze and critique these documents for deeper historical relevance. Reading and writing assignments are more extensive and students will be introduced to Document Based Questions. Students who are successful in his class are recommended for AP American History.
AMERICAN HISTORY or ADVANCED PLACEMENT AMERICAN HISTORYGRADE 11 AMERICAN HISTORY

This class is a survey course designed to introduce students to the basic elements and themes of United States history. During the fall term students view the rise of colonial America, the Revolutionary War, the Constitutional period, the era of Jeffersonian Republicans, and the Age of Jackson. During the winter term students study western expansion, the Civil War era, Industrialization, and Imperialism. The spring term is dedicated to the study of the 20th century and includes both world wars, the Great Depression, the cold War and domestic issues of the 1950’s, 60’s, and 70’s. This course is required for graduation.

ADVANCED PLACEMENT AMERICAN HISTORY

This class is dedicated to helping students achieve college credit in the study of American History and enrollment in it must be approved by the Head of the History Department. Students are expected to complete work over the summer vacation and during breaks throughout the academic year. The course demands that students write constantly, with bi-weekly unit exams, Document Based Questions, abstracts, and graded oral discussions. The class roughly covers American History from 1600 to 1990, and students are expected to take the Advanced Placement Exam in early May.
SENIOR HISTORY

TRIMESTER HISTORY ELECTIVESSENIOR HISTORY:
Please note that a full year of history is required for all seniors. This requirement can be fulfilled by a year of A.P. European History, a year of Economics, or by taking all three term-contained courses listed below.

ADVANCED PLACEMENT EUROPEAN HISTORY
This course is a chronological survey of European History from the Renaissance to World War II. Particular emphasis is placed on the emergence of the nation-state, competition among the European states, the emergence of political parties, and the rise of modern ideologies. Students are expected to read and review a serious historical work approximately every two weeks. Admission to this course is by departmental permission only.

ECONOMICS
This year long course provides an overview of both micro and macro concepts. The course of study will attempt to answer questions that interest professional economists today: Why do some businesses succeed while other fail? What causes poverty? How does the American economy compare to the rest of the world? Where do our taxes go? Particular attention will be paid to how the economy works in the real world. The overall goals of the course are both academic and practical, allowing students to gain the economic tools that will be useful for them in their college years.

THREE-TERM HISTORY SELECTIONS

1. FORMATION OF THE MODERN MIDDLE EAST - United States military and economic interaction with the Middle East dictate that educators and students pay more attention to the history of the area and particularly the history of Western involvement in the Arabic world. Students will begin by looking at how Western historians have approached the writing of history of the region and what biases and misconceptions continue to hinder scholars and students alike. Students focus on the actions of local and external forces in creating the borders and problems (past and present). Special emphasis is given to the role of local actors as agents of change. (The traditional approach gives more emphasis to external forces in creating borders and problems). Current events are an important part of the course, and students are required to keep abreast of current military, religious, political, and social trends in the region. OFFERED EACH TERM

2. THREE BRANCHES OF THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT: FOUNDATIONS OF MODERN DEMOCRACY AND POLITICS - The United States Constitution is the oldest and most successful constitutional government in the world. Much of the documents’ success resides in the fact that power is distributed equally between the three branches of government: Legislative, Executive and Judicial. Students will study the development of modern democracy at the federal level by examining the creation, development, and evolution of each of the three branches. The course will examine the influence of English government, the American Revolution, and early failures in government which eventually lead to a strong central government. The course will examine the motivation of the founding fathers and question whether or not their ideals still apply to American government in the modern age. Finally, students will focus on the specific functions of each of the three branches in modern times. OFFERED EACH TERM

3. ASIAN STUDIES: JAPAN AND CHINA IN THE MODERN SOCIETY - Students will focus on the rise of two agrarian nations that fell behind the Western societies and then began to focus on catching up to the West, from both a cultural and economic standpoint. The course will continue by examining the history surrounding Asia during WWII and the Cold War. Students will focus on how Japanese society has rebuilt itself as an economic giant in the modern age and how China, after going through a communist cultural revolution, has accepted modern traits of capitalism and has emerged as a world power. Students are asked to focus on historical, economic, social, and religious themes throughout the course in order to better understand these Asian cultures. OFFERED EACH TERM


HISTORY ELECTIVES:

Please note that the following electives may not be taken as substitutes for the senior classes listed above.

RELIGION IN THE MODERN WORLD
This course will examine issues that affect your world today. What do the great religions believe, and where do the differences in religious beliefs come from? How do they impact the events found in the daily news? We will begin with a study of the 10 Commandments and their relevance to living together today. Through concise readings, films, short papers, and classroom debate, students will develop a greater understanding of these issues. Taught by the Headmaster - OFFERED FALL

PSYCHOLOGY 1
Using as a text the book Mapping the Mind, students will learn current theories about what mind is (and isn’t) and about how biology influences behavior. Other areas of investigation will include perception, states of consciousness, including sleep and dreams, motivation, emotions, memory, and language - OFFERED WINTER.

PSYCHOLOGY 2
This class will begin with the study of human development from birth to old age, move through research about personality theory and gender, and conclude with psychological disorders and the therapies for them - OFFERED SPRING

LATIN, GREEK, SPANISH, FRENCH or JAPANESE (first or second year)CLASSICS
CLASSICS

CLASSICAL LATIN 1
This course is an introduction to classical Latin. Key concepts presented include major noun functions, the indicative and imperative mood of verbs, relative pronouns and the comparison of adjectives. Students will also study English words derived from Latin roots as well as historical and cultural information. The reading of short selections of connected prose is required.

CLASSICAL LATIN 2
This course is a continuation of Classical Latin 1 and it presents advanced grammatical and syntactical concepts with special emphasis on verbs and translation. Increasingly complex selections of connected prose are read and major developments in Roman culture and history are also studied.

CLASSICAL LATIN 3
This course offers an introduction to Roman authors via amended text. Major grammatical topics such as the ablative absolute, indirect discourse, and the uses of the subjunctive are studied. Complex selections of text, including both prose and poetry are read. Enrollment in this course is limited to students with a final grade of C or better in Classical Latin 2 or with special departmental permission.

CLASSICAL LATIN 4
This course provides an introduction to major authors of Latin. Prose authors studied may include Caesar, Cicero, Sallust, Suetonius and Pliny; poetry authors may include Virgil, Ovid, Horace, and Catullus. Enrollment in this class is by departmental recommendation.

ADVANCED PLACEMENT LATIN
This course follows the AP curriculum of the College Board and is equivalent to a college level translation course. The course syllabus is either the AP Virgil or AP Latin literature, focusing on Catullus-Cicero, Catullus-Horace, or Catullus-Ovid. The examination will include grammatical analysis, comprehension, translation, and interpretation of text, as well as relevant biographical information. Students are expected to have a thorough understanding of Latin grammar and the ability to accurately translate large sections of Latin. Enrollment in this class is by departmental approval.

TOPICS IN ANCIENT GREECE: 3 MAJOR WARS
This class will focus primarily on 3 major wars of the ancient world and how they helped to shape society. Using primary and secondary sources, students will evaluate the causes, battles, and effects of the Persian, Peloponnesian, and Punic wars. Students will learn battle tactics, weaponry, and warfare of the ancient world, as well as social and political ramifications of these wars. Open to juniors and seniors. OFFERED FALL

TOPICS IN ANCIENT GREECE: ALEXANDER THE GREAT
This course will study ancient Greek society from the downfall of the Greek city-state to the rise of Hellenistic civilization. Using both primary and secondary sources, students will evaluate the lives and legacies of Philip II of Macedon, Alexander the Great, and the legacy of the Macedonian empire, especially in the areas of Religion, Philosophy, Literature, and Art. Open to juniors and seniors. - OFFERED WINTER

TOPICS IN ANCIENT GREECE: INTRODUCTION TO GREEK PHILOSOPHY
This course will serve as an introduction to Greek philosophy and thought. Beginning with the pre-Socratic thinkers and ending with Aristotle, students will investigate the ideas the Greeks had about themselves and the world around them. Students will read from the philosophical works of Plato. Open to juniors and seniors - OFFERED SPRING

BEGINNING CLASSICAL GREEK
This course presents an introduction to Attic dialect of classical Greek. Students will learn the Greek alphabet, major noun functions, adjectives, adverbs and their comparatives, relative clauses, and several tenses of the indicative mood of verbs. This course also focuses on Greek history and cultural contributions to modern science, mathematics, literature, the arts, politics, and philosophy.

CLASSICAL GREEK 2
Greek 2 builds upon the foundations learned in Greek 1 and focuses on more in-depth grammatical topics and the inner workings of the language. Special emphasis is placed on translation and the retention of forms, as these become more complex and detailed. In addition, emphasis is placed on cultural aspects, including the Persian and Peloponnesian Wars, the Greek trireme, and the new Greek comedy and philosophy. Not offered in 07/08.

MODERN LANGUAGES

SPANISH 1
Spanish 1 uses Paso a Paso, an integrated textbook, workbook, video, and CD program. Basic conversational Spanish is covered with an emphasis on communication of ideas rather than grammatical exercises. Vocabulary and grammar are presented on topics such as family life, clothing, sports and leisure activities and school as well as other everyday speaking situations. Language is practiced orally in the classroom. This is reinforced by written exercises for homework. Cultural topics are also integrated throughout the course.

SPANISH 2
The structure of Spanish 2 instruction is similar to that of Spanish 1. More emphasis is placed on grammar, writing, conversation and reading with comprehension with a brief review of certain topics presented in Spanish 1. The focus remains on speaking Spanish in a wide variety of situations. Videos and CD’s are used.

SPANISH 3
In Spanish 3 students continue to expand their grasp of vocabulary and grammar as presented in readings. These range in genre from short pieces of poetry to short stories and cultural interludes. Students are expected to read and respond to different situations from intermediate readers and outside sources. The class is taught primarily in Spanish, and there is a greater focus on sentence structure and comprehension to communicate thoughts and ideas and on paragraph composition. Continued emphasis is on oral communication.

SPANISH 4
Spanish 4 continues toward the acquisition of more intermediate and advanced topics in Spanish grammar. It introduces students to the command forms in preparation for an in-depth study of the present and past subjunctive moods while completely reviewing all tenses studied thus far. Moreover, it incorporates, more comprehensively, readings from literary and non-literary texts, and present-day authentic newspaper and magazine sources to form the basis for critical thinking. As a complement, students practice vocabulary pertinent to specific situations and discussions, as raised in class sessions. A variety of Spanish and Latin American films are also shown so as to foster critical analysis and promote more fluid writing and speaking on a variety of social and cultural topics.

SPANISH 4 HONORS
The main objective for the first half of this course is to develop reading comprehension techniques and to improve vocabulary related to different areas. The student will read a great variety of texts and will discuss them in class, working in groups and doing all kinds of comprehension exercises. Compositions, text summaries, and class presentations will be part of the course. Grammar review will include a comprehensive study of all forms learned prior to the course, as well as an introduction to the command form and subjunctive moods in Spanish. Half way through this course the writing component becomes a major activity in advanced Spanish honors; whether it is compositions, book reports, letters to friends and relatives, and literary reviews. This course prepares the student to analyze texts and literary works about social, political and cultural issues, while improving writing skills and acquiring new vocabulary. The aim of the course is to learn how to use skills such as summarizing, comparing, expressing opinions and thoughts on paper in a logical and readable form.

SPANISH 5
In this course, students will read several well known Spanish and Latin American authors, including Gabriel Garcia Marquez, Garcia Lorca, and Pablo Neruda. Students will also be exposed to diverse media such as newspapers, magazine articles, and editorials as well as different genre in literature. Grammar will be reviewed to facilitate students’ oral and written expression, and culture will continue to be a significant part of Spanish studies. Not offered in 07/08.

ADVANCED PLACEMENT SPANISH
This course is the equivalent of first year college Spanish. Students should already have a good command of Spanish grammar and have competence in listening, speaking, reading, and writing. The course emphasizes the use of language for active communication and will help students develop the following:

* The ability to understand spoken Spanish in various contexts
* A Spanish vocabulary sufficiently ample for reading newspaper and magazine articles, literary texts, and other non-technical writings
* The ability to express themselves coherently, resourcefully, and with reasonable fluency and accuracy in both written and spoken Spanish

Admission is by departmental recommendation only.

FRENCH 2
At this level, students continue to enlarge their vocabulary and syntax to make broader communication possible. Writing practice increases to include short compositions, and reading consists of lengthier selections. Oral communication continues to be the primary objective, however. At the end of the second year, students will be able to ask and answer specific questions about the past, present, and future and carry on limited conversations in specific contexts about current, past, or future events.

FRENCH 3
More advanced grammatical structures are studied to allow students more sophisticated oral expression using supposition and theory facilitated by more extensive verb work. This, combined with an ever increasing vocabulary, will help students express opinions and emotions, recount events in greater detail, and carry on more varied communications. Writing is more detailed with longer compositions, and reading is from more difficult selections.

FRENCH 4
French 4 uses the history of France as the basis of the course work. Beginning with prehistoric times and culminating with the 20th century, students will be exposed to the art, music, and literature of each major period of French and Francophone history. The readings, and sometimes films, will be both fiction and non-fiction. Vocabulary and class discussions, as well as written compositions, will be based on personal reaction and reflections. Grammar will be reviewed as part of the course so that students' work, both oral and written, will be correct and appropriate for this level of study in a foreign language. Admission is by departmental recommendation only.

ADVANCED PLACEMENT FRENCH
This course is the equivalent of first year college French. Students should already have a good command of French grammar and have competence in listening, speaking, reading, and writing. The course emphasizes the use of language for active communication and will help students develop the following:

* The ability to understand spoken French in various contexts
* A French vocabulary sufficiently ample for reading newspaper and magazine articles, literary texts, and other non-technical writings
* The ability to express themselves coherently, resourcefully, and with reasonable fluency and accuracy in both written and spoken French

Admission is by departmental recommendation only.

JAPANESE 1
By the end of this course, the students will be able to read and write the two phonetic alphabets of Japanese. The four basic language skills are taught, but speaking is given the most emphasis. Cultural aspects of the language and country are also emphasized through short culture notes, and the use of video. Students also learn how to do calligraphy and sing Japanese songs. In late March, the class will travel into Manhattan to attend a Japanese Spring Festival where they will be able to learn more about the customs and culture of Japan. There are also opportunities to interact with Japanese students who attend the Keio Academy in Purchase, New York.

JAPANESE 2
Students will continue to build upon what they learned in Japanese 1. They will also begin to learn Kanji (Chinese Characters). Students will also learn more vocabulary and grammar through dialogue practice, reading, writing, songs, use of the Internet, and video activities. Cultural aspects of the language and country will continue to be emphasized during the course through field trips and hands-on experiences.

JAPANESE 3
Speaking activities continue to be the main focus of this class. Students will also continue to learn Kanji and develop more advanced grammatical skills. More authentic reading and listening activities are introduced in order to increase students’ vocabulary and listening comprehension. Students will be expected to do longer and more detailed writing. Culture continues to play an integral part of this course.

JAPANESE 4
By the end of Japanese 4, students will have learned close to 200 Kanji characters. They will continue to learn through thematic units, which emphasis speaking and listening comprehension. However, reading will play a more important role in this class as we begin to learn enough Kanji to read some authentic materials. Students will be expected to communicate with fellow students and the sensei in Japanese during class. Culture will continue to be emphasized through field trips and hands-on experiences.
LATIN, GREEK, SPANISH, FRENCH or JAPANESE (second or third year)CLASSICS

CLASSICAL LATIN 1
This course is an introduction to classical Latin. Key concepts presented include major noun functions, the indicative and imperative mood of verbs, relative pronouns and the comparison of adjectives. Students will also study English words derived from Latin roots as well as historical and cultural information. The reading of short selections of connected prose is required.

CLASSICAL LATIN 2
This course is a continuation of Classical Latin 1 and it presents advanced grammatical and syntactical concepts with special emphasis on verbs and translation. Increasingly complex selections of connected prose are read and major developments in Roman culture and history are also studied.

CLASSICAL LATIN 3
This course offers an introduction to Roman authors via amended text. Major grammatical topics such as the ablative absolute, indirect discourse, and the uses of the subjunctive are studied. Complex selections of text, including both prose and poetry are read. Enrollment in this course is limited to students with a final grade of C or better in Classical Latin 2 or with special departmental permission.

CLASSICAL LATIN 4
This course provides an introduction to major authors of Latin. Prose authors studied may include Caesar, Cicero, Sallust, Suetonius and Pliny; poetry authors may include Virgil, Ovid, Horace, and Catullus. Enrollment in this class is by departmental recommendation.

ADVANCED PLACEMENT LATIN
This course follows the AP curriculum of the College Board and is equivalent to a college level translation course. The course syllabus is either the AP Virgil or AP Latin literature, focusing on Catullus-Cicero, Catullus-Horace, or Catullus-Ovid. The examination will include grammatical analysis, comprehension, translation, and interpretation of text, as well as relevant biographical information. Students are expected to have a thorough understanding of Latin grammar and the ability to accurately translate large sections of Latin. Enrollment in this class is by departmental approval.

TOPICS IN ANCIENT GREECE: 3 MAJOR WARS
This class will focus primarily on 3 major wars of the ancient world and how they helped to shape society. Using primary and secondary sources, students will evaluate the causes, battles, and effects of the Persian, Peloponnesian, and Punic wars. Students will learn battle tactics, weaponry, and warfare of the ancient world, as well as social and political ramifications of these wars. Open to juniors and seniors. OFFERED FALL

TOPICS IN ANCIENT GREECE: ALEXANDER THE GREAT
This course will study ancient Greek society from the downfall of the Greek city-state to the rise of Hellenistic civilization. Using both primary and secondary sources, students will evaluate the lives and legacies of Philip II of Macedon, Alexander the Great, and the legacy of the Macedonian empire, especially in the areas of Religion, Philosophy, Literature, and Art. Open to juniors and seniors. - OFFERED WINTER

TOPICS IN ANCIENT GREECE: INTRODUCTION TO GREEK PHILOSOPHY
This course will serve as an introduction to Greek philosophy and thought. Beginning with the pre-Socratic thinkers and ending with Aristotle, students will investigate the ideas the Greeks had about themselves and the world around them. Students will read from the philosophical works of Plato. Open to juniors and seniors - OFFERED SPRING

BEGINNING CLASSICAL GREEK
This course presents an introduction to Attic dialect of classical Greek. Students will learn the Greek alphabet, major noun functions, adjectives, adverbs and their comparatives, relative clauses, and several tenses of the indicative mood of verbs. This course also focuses on Greek history and cultural contributions to modern science, mathematics, literature, the arts, politics, and philosophy.

CLASSICAL GREEK 2
Greek 2 builds upon the foundations learned in Greek 1 and focuses on more in-depth grammatical topics and the inner workings of the language. Special emphasis is placed on translation and the retention of forms, as these become more complex and detailed. In addition, emphasis is placed on cultural aspects, including the Persian and Peloponnesian Wars, the Greek trireme, and the new Greek comedy and philosophy. Not offered in 07/08.

MODERN LANGUAGES

SPANISH 1
Spanish 1 uses Paso a Paso, an integrated textbook, workbook, video, and CD program. Basic conversational Spanish is covered with an emphasis on communication of ideas rather than grammatical exercises. Vocabulary and grammar are presented on topics such as family life, clothing, sports and leisure activities and school as well as other everyday speaking situations. Language is practiced orally in the classroom. This is reinforced by written exercises for homework. Cultural topics are also integrated throughout the course.

SPANISH 2
The structure of Spanish 2 instruction is similar to that of Spanish 1. More emphasis is placed on grammar, writing, conversation and reading with comprehension with a brief review of certain topics presented in Spanish 1. The focus remains on speaking Spanish in a wide variety of situations. Videos and CD’s are used.

SPANISH 3
In Spanish 3 students continue to expand their grasp of vocabulary and grammar as presented in readings. These range in genre from short pieces of poetry to short stories and cultural interludes. Students are expected to read and respond to different situations from intermediate readers and outside sources. The class is taught primarily in Spanish, and there is a greater focus on sentence structure and comprehension to communicate thoughts and ideas and on paragraph composition. Continued emphasis is on oral communication.

SPANISH 4
Spanish 4 continues toward the acquisition of more intermediate and advanced topics in Spanish grammar. It introduces students to the command forms in preparation for an in-depth study of the present and past subjunctive moods while completely reviewing all tenses studied thus far. Moreover, it incorporates, more comprehensively, readings from literary and non-literary texts, and present-day authentic newspaper and magazine sources to form the basis for critical thinking. As a complement, students practice vocabulary pertinent to specific situations and discussions, as raised in class sessions. A variety of Spanish and Latin American films are also shown so as to foster critical analysis and promote more fluid writing and speaking on a variety of social and cultural topics.

SPANISH 4 HONORS
The main objective for the first half of this course is to develop reading comprehension techniques and to improve vocabulary related to different areas. The student will read a great variety of texts and will discuss them in class, working in groups and doing all kinds of comprehension exercises. Compositions, text summaries, and class presentations will be part of the course. Grammar review will include a comprehensive study of all forms learned prior to the course, as well as an introduction to the command form and subjunctive moods in Spanish. Half way through this course the writing component becomes a major activity in advanced Spanish honors; whether it is compositions, book reports, letters to friends and relatives, and literary reviews. This course prepares the student to analyze texts and literary works about social, political and cultural issues, while improving writing skills and acquiring new vocabulary. The aim of the course is to learn how to use skills such as summarizing, comparing, expressing opinions and thoughts on paper in a logical and readable form.

SPANISH 5
In this course, students will read several well known Spanish and Latin American authors, including Gabriel Garcia Marquez, Garcia Lorca, and Pablo Neruda. Students will also be exposed to diverse media such as newspapers, magazine articles, and editorials as well as different genre in literature. Grammar will be reviewed to facilitate students’ oral and written expression, and culture will continue to be a significant part of Spanish studies. Not offered in 07/08.

ADVANCED PLACEMENT SPANISH
This course is the equivalent of first year college Spanish. Students should already have a good command of Spanish grammar and have competence in listening, speaking, reading, and writing. The course emphasizes the use of language for active communication and will help students develop the following:

* The ability to understand spoken Spanish in various contexts
* A Spanish vocabulary sufficiently ample for reading newspaper and magazine articles, literary texts, and other non-technical writings
* The ability to express themselves coherently, resourcefully, and with reasonable fluency and accuracy in both written and spoken Spanish

Admission is by departmental recommendation only.

FRENCH 2
At this level, students continue to enlarge their vocabulary and syntax to make broader communication possible. Writing practice increases to include short compositions, and reading consists of lengthier selections. Oral communication continues to be the primary objective, however. At the end of the second year, students will be able to ask and answer specific questions about the past, present, and future and carry on limited conversations in specific contexts about current, past, or future events.

FRENCH 3
More advanced grammatical structures are studied to allow students more sophisticated oral expression using supposition and theory facilitated by more extensive verb work. This, combined with an ever increasing vocabulary, will help students express opinions and emotions, recount events in greater detail, and carry on more varied communications. Writing is more detailed with longer compositions, and reading is from more difficult selections.

FRENCH 4
French 4 uses the history of France as the basis of the course work. Beginning with prehistoric times and culminating with the 20th century, students will be exposed to the art, music, and literature of each major period of French and Francophone history. The readings, and sometimes films, will be both fiction and non-fiction. Vocabulary and class discussions, as well as written compositions, will be based on personal reaction and reflections. Grammar will be reviewed as part of the course so that students' work, both oral and written, will be correct and appropriate for this level of study in a foreign language. Admission is by departmental recommendation only.

ADVANCED PLACEMENT FRENCH
This course is the equivalent of first year college French. Students should already have a good command of French grammar and have competence in listening, speaking, reading, and writing. The course emphasizes the use of language for active communication and will help students develop the following:

* The ability to understand spoken French in various contexts
* A French vocabulary sufficiently ample for reading newspaper and magazine articles, literary texts, and other non-technical writings
* The ability to express themselves coherently, resourcefully, and with reasonable fluency and accuracy in both written and spoken French

Admission is by departmental recommendation only.

JAPANESE 1
By the end of this course, the students will be able to read and write the two phonetic alphabets of Japanese. The four basic language skills are taught, but speaking is given the most emphasis. Cultural aspects of the language and country are also emphasized through short culture notes, and the use of video. Students also learn how to do calligraphy and sing Japanese songs. In late March, the class will travel into Manhattan to attend a Japanese Spring Festival where they will be able to learn more about the customs and culture of Japan. There are also opportunities to interact with Japanese students who attend the Keio Academy in Purchase, New York.

JAPANESE 2
Students will continue to build upon what they learned in Japanese 1. They will also begin to learn Kanji (Chinese Characters). Students will also learn more vocabulary and grammar through dialogue practice, reading, writing, songs, use of the Internet, and video activities. Cultural aspects of the language and country will continue to be emphasized during the course through field trips and hands-on experiences.

JAPANESE 3
Speaking activities continue to be the main focus of this class. Students will also continue to learn Kanji and develop more advanced grammatical skills. More authentic reading and listening activities are introduced in order to increase students’ vocabulary and listening comprehension. Students will be expected to do longer and more detailed writing. Culture continues to play an integral part of this course.

JAPANESE 4
By the end of Japanese 4, students will have learned close to 200 Kanji characters. They will continue to learn through thematic units, which emphasis speaking and listening comprehension. However, reading will play a more important role in this class as we begin to learn enough Kanji to read some authentic materials. Students will be expected to communicate with fellow students and the sensei in Japanese during class. Culture will continue to be emphasized through field trips and hands-on experiences.
LATIN, GREEK, SPANISH, FRENCH or JAPANESE (third or fourth year)CLASSICS

CLASSICAL LATIN 1
This course is an introduction to classical Latin. Key concepts presented include major noun functions, the indicative and imperative mood of verbs, relative pronouns and the comparison of adjectives. Students will also study English words derived from Latin roots as well as historical and cultural information. The reading of short selections of connected prose is required.

CLASSICAL LATIN 2
This course is a continuation of Classical Latin 1 and it presents advanced grammatical and syntactical concepts with special emphasis on verbs and translation. Increasingly complex selections of connected prose are read and major developments in Roman culture and history are also studied.

CLASSICAL LATIN 3
This course offers an introduction to Roman authors via amended text. Major grammatical topics such as the ablative absolute, indirect discourse, and the uses of the subjunctive are studied. Complex selections of text, including both prose and poetry are read. Enrollment in this course is limited to students with a final grade of C or better in Classical Latin 2 or with special departmental permission.

CLASSICAL LATIN 4
This course provides an introduction to major authors of Latin. Prose authors studied may include Caesar, Cicero, Sallust, Suetonius and Pliny; poetry authors may include Virgil, Ovid, Horace, and Catullus. Enrollment in this class is by departmental recommendation.

ADVANCED PLACEMENT LATIN
This course follows the AP curriculum of the College Board and is equivalent to a college level translation course. The course syllabus is either the AP Virgil or AP Latin literature, focusing on Catullus-Cicero, Catullus-Horace, or Catullus-Ovid. The examination will include grammatical analysis, comprehension, translation, and interpretation of text, as well as relevant biographical information. Students are expected to have a thorough understanding of Latin grammar and the ability to accurately translate large sections of Latin. Enrollment in this class is by departmental approval.

TOPICS IN ANCIENT GREECE: 3 MAJOR WARS
This class will focus primarily on 3 major wars of the ancient world and how they helped to shape society. Using primary and secondary sources, students will evaluate the causes, battles, and effects of the Persian, Peloponnesian, and Punic wars. Students will learn battle tactics, weaponry, and warfare of the ancient world, as well as social and political ramifications of these wars. Open to juniors and seniors. OFFERED FALL

TOPICS IN ANCIENT GREECE: ALEXANDER THE GREAT
This course will study ancient Greek society from the downfall of the Greek city-state to the rise of Hellenistic civilization. Using both primary and secondary sources, students will evaluate the lives and legacies of Philip II of Macedon, Alexander the Great, and the legacy of the Macedonian empire, especially in the areas of Religion, Philosophy, Literature, and Art. Open to juniors and seniors. - OFFERED WINTER

TOPICS IN ANCIENT GREECE: INTRODUCTION TO GREEK PHILOSOPHY
This course will serve as an introduction to Greek philosophy and thought. Beginning with the pre-Socratic thinkers and ending with Aristotle, students will investigate the ideas the Greeks had about themselves and the world around them. Students will read from the philosophical works of Plato. Open to juniors and seniors - OFFERED SPRING

BEGINNING CLASSICAL GREEK
This course presents an introduction to Attic dialect of classical Greek. Students will learn the Greek alphabet, major noun functions, adjectives, adverbs and their comparatives, relative clauses, and several tenses of the indicative mood of verbs. This course also focuses on Greek history and cultural contributions to modern science, mathematics, literature, the arts, politics, and philosophy.

CLASSICAL GREEK 2
Greek 2 builds upon the foundations learned in Greek 1 and focuses on more in-depth grammatical topics and the inner workings of the language. Special emphasis is placed on translation and the retention of forms, as these become more complex and detailed. In addition, emphasis is placed on cultural aspects, including the Persian and Peloponnesian Wars, the Greek trireme, and the new Greek comedy and philosophy. Not offered in 07/08.

MODERN LANGUAGES

SPANISH 1
Spanish 1 uses Paso a Paso, an integrated textbook, workbook, video, and CD program. Basic conversational Spanish is covered with an emphasis on communication of ideas rather than grammatical exercises. Vocabulary and grammar are presented on topics such as family life, clothing, sports and leisure activities and school as well as other everyday speaking situations. Language is practiced orally in the classroom. This is reinforced by written exercises for homework. Cultural topics are also integrated throughout the course.

SPANISH 2
The structure of Spanish 2 instruction is similar to that of Spanish 1. More emphasis is placed on grammar, writing, conversation and reading with comprehension with a brief review of certain topics presented in Spanish 1. The focus remains on speaking Spanish in a wide variety of situations. Videos and CD’s are used.

SPANISH 3
In Spanish 3 students continue to expand their grasp of vocabulary and grammar as presented in readings. These range in genre from short pieces of poetry to short stories and cultural interludes. Students are expected to read and respond to different situations from intermediate readers and outside sources. The class is taught primarily in Spanish, and there is a greater focus on sentence structure and comprehension to communicate thoughts and ideas and on paragraph composition. Continued emphasis is on oral communication.

SPANISH 4
Spanish 4 continues toward the acquisition of more intermediate and advanced topics in Spanish grammar. It introduces students to the command forms in preparation for an in-depth study of the present and past subjunctive moods while completely reviewing all tenses studied thus far. Moreover, it incorporates, more comprehensively, readings from literary and non-literary texts, and present-day authentic newspaper and magazine sources to form the basis for critical thinking. As a complement, students practice vocabulary pertinent to specific situations and discussions, as raised in class sessions. A variety of Spanish and Latin American films are also shown so as to foster critical analysis and promote more fluid writing and speaking on a variety of social and cultural topics.

SPANISH 4 HONORS
The main objective for the first half of this course is to develop reading comprehension techniques and to improve vocabulary related to different areas. The student will read a great variety of texts and will discuss them in class, working in groups and doing all kinds of comprehension exercises. Compositions, text summaries, and class presentations will be part of the course. Grammar review will include a comprehensive study of all forms learned prior to the course, as well as an introduction to the command form and subjunctive moods in Spanish. Half way through this course the writing component becomes a major activity in advanced Spanish honors; whether it is compositions, book reports, letters to friends and relatives, and literary reviews. This course prepares the student to analyze texts and literary works about social, political and cultural issues, while improving writing skills and acquiring new vocabulary. The aim of the course is to learn how to use skills such as summarizing, comparing, expressing opinions and thoughts on paper in a logical and readable form.

SPANISH 5
In this course, students will read several well known Spanish and Latin American authors, including Gabriel Garcia Marquez, Garcia Lorca, and Pablo Neruda. Students will also be exposed to diverse media such as newspapers, magazine articles, and editorials as well as different genre in literature. Grammar will be reviewed to facilitate students’ oral and written expression, and culture will continue to be a significant part of Spanish studies. Not offered in 07/08.

ADVANCED PLACEMENT SPANISH
This course is the equivalent of first year college Spanish. Students should already have a good command of Spanish grammar and have competence in listening, speaking, reading, and writing. The course emphasizes the use of language for active communication and will help students develop the following:

* The ability to understand spoken Spanish in various contexts
* A Spanish vocabulary sufficiently ample for reading newspaper and magazine articles, literary texts, and other non-technical writings
* The ability to express themselves coherently, resourcefully, and with reasonable fluency and accuracy in both written and spoken Spanish

Admission is by departmental recommendation only.

FRENCH 2
At this level, students continue to enlarge their vocabulary and syntax to make broader communication possible. Writing practice increases to include short compositions, and reading consists of lengthier selections. Oral communication continues to be the primary objective, however. At the end of the second year, students will be able to ask and answer specific questions about the past, present, and future and carry on limited conversations in specific contexts about current, past, or future events.

FRENCH 3
More advanced grammatical structures are studied to allow students more sophisticated oral expression using supposition and theory facilitated by more extensive verb work. This, combined with an ever increasing vocabulary, will help students express opinions and emotions, recount events in greater detail, and carry on more varied communications. Writing is more detailed with longer compositions, and reading is from more difficult selections.

FRENCH 4
French 4 uses the history of France as the basis of the course work. Beginning with prehistoric times and culminating with the 20th century, students will be exposed to the art, music, and literature of each major period of French and Francophone history. The readings, and sometimes films, will be both fiction and non-fiction. Vocabulary and class discussions, as well as written compositions, will be based on personal reaction and reflections. Grammar will be reviewed as part of the course so that students' work, both oral and written, will be correct and appropriate for this level of study in a foreign language. Admission is by departmental recommendation only.

ADVANCED PLACEMENT FRENCH
This course is the equivalent of first year college French. Students should already have a good command of French grammar and have competence in listening, speaking, reading, and writing. The course emphasizes the use of language for active communication and will help students develop the following:

* The ability to understand spoken French in various contexts
* A French vocabulary sufficiently ample for reading newspaper and magazine articles, literary texts, and other non-technical writings
* The ability to express themselves coherently, resourcefully, and with reasonable fluency and accuracy in both written and spoken French

Admission is by departmental recommendation only.

JAPANESE 1
By the end of this course, the students will be able to read and write the two phonetic alphabets of Japanese. The four basic language skills are taught, but speaking is given the most emphasis. Cultural aspects of the language and country are also emphasized through short culture notes, and the use of video. Students also learn how to do calligraphy and sing Japanese songs. In late March, the class will travel into Manhattan to attend a Japanese Spring Festival where they will be able to learn more about the customs and culture of Japan. There are also opportunities to interact with Japanese students who attend the Keio Academy in Purchase, New York.

JAPANESE 2
Students will continue to build upon what they learned in Japanese 1. They will also begin to learn Kanji (Chinese Characters). Students will also learn more vocabulary and grammar through dialogue practice, reading, writing, songs, use of the Internet, and video activities. Cultural aspects of the language and country will continue to be emphasized during the course through field trips and hands-on experiences.

JAPANESE 3
Speaking activities continue to be the main focus of this class. Students will also continue to learn Kanji and develop more advanced grammatical skills. More authentic reading and listening activities are introduced in order to increase students’ vocabulary and listening comprehension. Students will be expected to do longer and more detailed writing. Culture continues to play an integral part of this course.

JAPANESE 4
By the end of Japanese 4, students will have learned close to 200 Kanji characters. They will continue to learn through thematic units, which emphasis speaking and listening comprehension. However, reading will play a more important role in this class as we begin to learn enough Kanji to read some authentic materials. Students will be expected to communicate with fellow students and the sensei in Japanese during class. Culture will continue to be emphasized through field trips and hands-on experiences.
FOREIGN LANGUAGE - LATIN, GREEK, SPANISH, FRENCH or JAPANESECLASSICS

CLASSICAL LATIN 1
This course is an introduction to classical Latin. Key concepts presented include major noun functions, the indicative and imperative mood of verbs, relative pronouns and the comparison of adjectives. Students will also study English words derived from Latin roots as well as historical and cultural information. The reading of short selections of connected prose is required.

CLASSICAL LATIN 2
This course is a continuation of Classical Latin 1 and it presents advanced grammatical and syntactical concepts with special emphasis on verbs and translation. Increasingly complex selections of connected prose are read and major developments in Roman culture and history are also studied.

CLASSICAL LATIN 3
This course offers an introduction to Roman authors via amended text. Major grammatical topics such as the ablative absolute, indirect discourse, and the uses of the subjunctive are studied. Complex selections of text, including both prose and poetry are read. Enrollment in this course is limited to students with a final grade of C or better in Classical Latin 2 or with special departmental permission.

CLASSICAL LATIN 4
This course provides an introduction to major authors of Latin. Prose authors studied may include Caesar, Cicero, Sallust, Suetonius and Pliny; poetry authors may include Virgil, Ovid, Horace, and Catullus. Enrollment in this class is by departmental recommendation.

ADVANCED PLACEMENT LATIN
This course follows the AP curriculum of the College Board and is equivalent to a college level translation course. The course syllabus is either the AP Virgil or AP Latin literature, focusing on Catullus-Cicero, Catullus-Horace, or Catullus-Ovid. The examination will include grammatical analysis, comprehension, translation, and interpretation of text, as well as relevant biographical information. Students are expected to have a thorough understanding of Latin grammar and the ability to accurately translate large sections of Latin. Enrollment in this class is by departmental approval.

TOPICS IN ANCIENT GREECE: 3 MAJOR WARS
This class will focus primarily on 3 major wars of the ancient world and how they helped to shape society. Using primary and secondary sources, students will evaluate the causes, battles, and effects of the Persian, Peloponnesian, and Punic wars. Students will learn battle tactics, weaponry, and warfare of the ancient world, as well as social and political ramifications of these wars. Open to juniors and seniors. OFFERED FALL

TOPICS IN ANCIENT GREECE: ALEXANDER THE GREAT
This course will study ancient Greek society from the downfall of the Greek city-state to the rise of Hellenistic civilization. Using both primary and secondary sources, students will evaluate the lives and legacies of Philip II of Macedon, Alexander the Great, and the legacy of the Macedonian empire, especially in the areas of Religion, Philosophy, Literature, and Art. Open to juniors and seniors. - OFFERED WINTER

TOPICS IN ANCIENT GREECE: INTRODUCTION TO GREEK PHILOSOPHY
This course will serve as an introduction to Greek philosophy and thought. Beginning with the pre-Socratic thinkers and ending with Aristotle, students will investigate the ideas the Greeks had about themselves and the world around them. Students will read from the philosophical works of Plato. Open to juniors and seniors - OFFERED SPRING

BEGINNING CLASSICAL GREEK
This course presents an introduction to Attic dialect of classical Greek. Students will learn the Greek alphabet, major noun functions, adjectives, adverbs and their comparatives, relative clauses, and several tenses of the indicative mood of verbs. This course also focuses on Greek history and cultural contributions to modern science, mathematics, literature, the arts, politics, and philosophy.

CLASSICAL GREEK 2
Greek 2 builds upon the foundations learned in Greek 1 and focuses on more in-depth grammatical topics and the inner workings of the language. Special emphasis is placed on translation and the retention of forms, as these become more complex and detailed. In addition, emphasis is placed on cultural aspects, including the Persian and Peloponnesian Wars, the Greek trireme, and the new Greek comedy and philosophy. Not offered in 07/08.

MODERN LANGUAGES

SPANISH 1
Spanish 1 uses Paso a Paso, an integrated textbook, workbook, video, and CD program. Basic conversational Spanish is covered with an emphasis on communication of ideas rather than grammatical exercises. Vocabulary and grammar are presented on topics such as family life, clothing, sports and leisure activities and school as well as other everyday speaking situations. Language is practiced orally in the classroom. This is reinforced by written exercises for homework. Cultural topics are also integrated throughout the course.

SPANISH 2
The structure of Spanish 2 instruction is similar to that of Spanish 1. More emphasis is placed on grammar, writing, conversation and reading with comprehension with a brief review of certain topics presented in Spanish 1. The focus remains on speaking Spanish in a wide variety of situations. Videos and CD’s are used.

SPANISH 3
In Spanish 3 students continue to expand their grasp of vocabulary and grammar as presented in readings. These range in genre from short pieces of poetry to short stories and cultural interludes. Students are expected to read and respond to different situations from intermediate readers and outside sources. The class is taught primarily in Spanish, and there is a greater focus on sentence structure and comprehension to communicate thoughts and ideas and on paragraph composition. Continued emphasis is on oral communication.

SPANISH 4
Spanish 4 continues toward the acquisition of more intermediate and advanced topics in Spanish grammar. It introduces students to the command forms in preparation for an in-depth study of the present and past subjunctive moods while completely reviewing all tenses studied thus far. Moreover, it incorporates, more comprehensively, readings from literary and non-literary texts, and present-day authentic newspaper and magazine sources to form the basis for critical thinking. As a complement, students practice vocabulary pertinent to specific situations and discussions, as raised in class sessions. A variety of Spanish and Latin American films are also shown so as to foster critical analysis and promote more fluid writing and speaking on a variety of social and cultural topics.

SPANISH 4 HONORS
The main objective for the first half of this course is to develop reading comprehension techniques and to improve vocabulary related to different areas. The student will read a great variety of texts and will discuss them in class, working in groups and doing all kinds of comprehension exercises. Compositions, text summaries, and class presentations will be part of the course. Grammar review will include a comprehensive study of all forms learned prior to the course, as well as an introduction to the command form and subjunctive moods in Spanish. Half way through this course the writing component becomes a major activity in advanced Spanish honors; whether it is compositions, book reports, letters to friends and relatives, and literary reviews. This course prepares the student to analyze texts and literary works about social, political and cultural issues, while improving writing skills and acquiring new vocabulary. The aim of the course is to learn how to use skills such as summarizing, comparing, expressing opinions and thoughts on paper in a logical and readable form.

SPANISH 5
In this course, students will read several well known Spanish and Latin American authors, including Gabriel Garcia Marquez, Garcia Lorca, and Pablo Neruda. Students will also be exposed to diverse media such as newspapers, magazine articles, and editorials as well as different genre in literature. Grammar will be reviewed to facilitate students’ oral and written expression, and culture will continue to be a significant part of Spanish studies. Not offered in 07/08.

ADVANCED PLACEMENT SPANISH
This course is the equivalent of first year college Spanish. Students should already have a good command of Spanish grammar and have competence in listening, speaking, reading, and writing. The course emphasizes the use of language for active communication and will help students develop the following:

* The ability to understand spoken Spanish in various contexts
* A Spanish vocabulary sufficiently ample for reading newspaper and magazine articles, literary texts, and other non-technical writings
* The ability to express themselves coherently, resourcefully, and with reasonable fluency and accuracy in both written and spoken Spanish

Admission is by departmental recommendation only.

FRENCH 2
At this level, students continue to enlarge their vocabulary and syntax to make broader communication possible. Writing practice increases to include short compositions, and reading consists of lengthier selections. Oral communication continues to be the primary objective, however. At the end of the second year, students will be able to ask and answer specific questions about the past, present, and future and carry on limited conversations in specific contexts about current, past, or future events.

FRENCH 3
More advanced grammatical structures are studied to allow students more sophisticated oral expression using supposition and theory facilitated by more extensive verb work. This, combined with an ever increasing vocabulary, will help students express opinions and emotions, recount events in greater detail, and carry on more varied communications. Writing is more detailed with longer compositions, and reading is from more difficult selections.

FRENCH 4
French 4 uses the history of France as the basis of the course work. Beginning with prehistoric times and culminating with the 20th century, students will be exposed to the art, music, and literature of each major period of French and Francophone history. The readings, and sometimes films, will be both fiction and non-fiction. Vocabulary and class discussions, as well as written compositions, will be based on personal reaction and reflections. Grammar will be reviewed as part of the course so that students' work, both oral and written, will be correct and appropriate for this level of study in a foreign language. Admission is by departmental recommendation only.

ADVANCED PLACEMENT FRENCH
This course is the equivalent of first year college French. Students should already have a good command of French grammar and have competence in listening, speaking, reading, and writing. The course emphasizes the use of language for active communication and will help students develop the following:

* The ability to understand spoken French in various contexts
* A French vocabulary sufficiently ample for reading newspaper and magazine articles, literary texts, and other non-technical writings
* The ability to express themselves coherently, resourcefully, and with reasonable fluency and accuracy in both written and spoken French

Admission is by departmental recommendation only.

JAPANESE 1
By the end of this course, the students will be able to read and write the two phonetic alphabets of Japanese. The four basic language skills are taught, but speaking is given the most emphasis. Cultural aspects of the language and country are also emphasized through short culture notes, and the use of video. Students also learn how to do calligraphy and sing Japanese songs. In late March, the class will travel into Manhattan to attend a Japanese Spring Festival where they will be able to learn more about the customs and culture of Japan. There are also opportunities to interact with Japanese students who attend the Keio Academy in Purchase, New York.

JAPANESE 2
Students will continue to build upon what they learned in Japanese 1. They will also begin to learn Kanji (Chinese Characters). Students will also learn more vocabulary and grammar through dialogue practice, reading, writing, songs, use of the Internet, and video activities. Cultural aspects of the language and country will continue to be emphasized during the course through field trips and hands-on experiences.

JAPANESE 3
Speaking activities continue to be the main focus of this class. Students will also continue to learn Kanji and develop more advanced grammatical skills. More authentic reading and listening activities are introduced in order to increase students’ vocabulary and listening comprehension. Students will be expected to do longer and more detailed writing. Culture continues to play an integral part of this course.

JAPANESE 4
By the end of Japanese 4, students will have learned close to 200 Kanji characters. They will continue to learn through thematic units, which emphasis speaking and listening comprehension. However, reading will play a more important role in this class as we begin to learn enough Kanji to read some authentic materials. Students will be expected to communicate with fellow students and the sensei in Japanese during class. Culture will continue to be emphasized through field trips and hands-on experiences.
TRIMESTER COURSE: HEALTH & WELLNESS 9HEALTH AND WELLNESS 9

In this course, students will learn about a variety of topics, such as fitness and nutrition and stress management. Gender specific health care and education, drug and alcohol abuse and prevention, self- esteem and body image as well as healthy communication and relationships will also be explored. This class differs from the 11th grade class, in that this class will focus more on the challenges of entering upper school years.

Offered each term, required of all 9th graders.
HISTORY OF ARTTRIMESTER COURSE: HEALTH & WELLNESS 11HEALTH AND WELLNESS

This class is a one trimester required course for juniors. It will focus on providing students with current information on all manner of health and wellness issues including nutrition, drug and alcohol abuse, and STI’s.
CPR and first aid will be covered. Stress management and relaxation techniques along with self-care will be explored. Information from both western allopathic medicine and complimentary and alternative medicine (CAM) approaches to health and the current scientific research being done in these areas will be discussed. A forum for open discussions on decision making, relationships, self-esteem, body awareness, healthy self-image, as well as self discovery of core beliefs and values will be an integral component of this class.

Offered each term, required of all Juniors.
MUSIC & CULTURETRIMESTER ELECTIVESTRIMESTER ELECTIVES